Sains Malaysiana 53(4)(2024): 869-880

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5304-11

Kesan Ekstrak Daun Jambu Batu (Psidium guajava) terhadap Eritrosit Terjangkit Plasmodium berghei NK65

(Effects of Psidium guajava Leaf Extracts on Erythrocytes Infected Plasmodium berghei NK65)

SHAFARIATUL AKMAR ISHAK^1,*, NORANIZA ARIFFIN¹ & FIFI FARIZA AZMI²

¹Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic & Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 16 August 2023/Accepted: 13 March 2024

Abstrak

Malaria kini tergolong dalam senarai dunia sebagai penyakit berjangkit yang menyebabkan banyak kematian. Oleh itu, kajian antimalaria secaraex vivo oleh ekstrak daun jambu batu (Psidium guajava) terhadap mencit yang terjangkitPlasmodium berghei (NK65) ini adalah penting dalam penghasilan alternatif ubatan antimalaria yang baharu. Kajian dimulakan dengan ujian penyaringan awal menggunakan darjah parasitemia 10%, diikuti dengan pemilihan pelarut terbaik antara metanol, aseton, etil asetat dan heksana. Hasil mendapati ekstrak metanol menunjukkan bacaan IC₅₀, 4.270 mg/mL yang menghampiri nilai IC₅₀ piawai klorokuin iaitu 3.080 mg/mL. Ujian statistik ANOVA satu hala membuktikan tiada perbezaan signifikan antara keduanya dan bacaan adalah seperti berikut; F (1, 18) = 1.091, p>0.05 (0.310). Kemudian, ekstrak metanol daun jambu batu terpilih sebagai pelarut terbaik, ini diteruskan dengan ujian parasitemia pada 5%, 10% dan 30%. Keputusan kajian mendapati, aktiviti perencatan malaria lebih berkesan dan cekap pada parasitemia 10% dan ANOVA sehala menunjukkan F (1, 18) = 0.797, p>0.05 (0.384). Akhir sekali proses sinkronisasi dijalankan dengan menggunakan kaedah sorbitol lisis. Hasil mendapati pada peringkat cecincin (trofozoit muda), bacaan IC₅₀ adalah 0.0001 mg/mL manakala pada peringkat trofozoit matang dan skizon bacaan IC₅₀ hampir sama; 4.295 mg/mL dan 4.276 mg/mL. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak methanol daun Psidium guajava menunjukkan adanya aktiviti antimalaria dan berupaya merencatkan semua kitaran hidup sel parasit malaria tetapi lebih berkesan pada peringkat trofozoit matang dan skizon.

Kata kunci: Asai pLDH; malaria; Plasmodium berghei NK65; Psidium guajava; sinkronisasi

Abstract

Malaria is included in the list of the world as an infectious disease that causes many deaths. Thus, ex vivo studies of antimalarial extract of Psidium guajava leaves against Plasmodium berghei NK65 in infected mice are crucial as an initiator to produce a new alternative antimalarial drug. Crude extracts of guava leaves were prepared by maceration which uses different solvent polarity gradually which are hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol. It started with the initial screening test using the 10% parasitemia level and the result of methanol extract showed better reading compared to others with IC₅₀, 4.270 mg/mL approximately closer to IC₅₀ values of the gold standard drug; chloroquine drug, 3.080 mg/mL. One-way ANOVA statistical test showed no significant differences between them; F (1, 18) = 1091, p>0.05 (0.310). Finally, the methanol extract from guava leaves was picked as the best solvent, and studies were conducted on parasitemia at 5%, 10%, and 30% levels. The result showed that malaria inhibitory activities effectively in 10% parasitemia level and it is not significantly different to chloroquine F (1, 18) = 0797, p> 0.05 (0.384). Finally, the synchronization process was carried out via the sorbitol lysis method. Results found in the ring (early trophozoite), IC₅₀ was 0.0001 mg/mL whereas late trophozoite and schizont showed similar IC₅₀ values which were 4.276 mg/mL and 4.295 mg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, Psidium guajava leaf extract methanol showed the presence of anti-malarial activity.

Keywords: Malaria; Plasmodium bergheiNK65; pLDH assay; Psidium guajava; synchronization

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*Corresponding author; email: shafariatul@gmail.com